In 1906, Finland became the first European state to grant universal suffrage, and the first in the world to give all adult citizens the right to run for public office. In 1809, as a result of the Finnish War, Finland became part of the Russian Empire as the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland, during which Finnish art flourished and the idea of independence began to take hold. From the late 13th century, Finland became a part of Sweden as a consequence of the Northern Crusades. The Bronze Age and Iron Age were characterized by contacts with other cultures in Fennoscandia and the Baltic region. The Stone Age introduced several different ceramic styles and cultures. įinland was first inhabited around 9000 BC after the Last Glacial Period. The land cover is primarily a boreal forest biome, with more than 180,000 recorded lakes.
Finland's climate varies from humid continental in the south to boreal in the north. Finnish and Swedish are the official languages, Swedish being the native language of 5.2% of the population. The vast majority of the population are ethnic Finns. Helsinki is the capital and largest city. Finland covers an area of 338,455 square kilometres (130,678 sq mi) with a population of 5.6 million. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, across from Estonia. eu domain is also used, as it is shared with other European Union member states.įinland ( Finnish: Suomi ( listen) Swedish: Finland ( listen)), officially the Republic of Finland ( Finnish: Suomen tasavalta Swedish: Republiken Finland ( listen to all)), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe.
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